LIMITING EXECUTIVE OVERREACH ACT OF 2025

 117th CONGRESS 1st Session

H. R. ____

To establish congressional authority over the dissolution, restructuring, and defunding of executive agencies, ensuring that no president may unilaterally dismantle critical government functions, while reaffirming the constitutional balance of power and limiting judicial overreach.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

[DATE]

Mr./Ms. [Sponsor’s Last Name] introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on [Committee Name].

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A BILL

To prevent executive overreach and ensure congressional authority over federal agencies, judicial oversight, and national governance.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SEC. 1. SHORT TITLE

• Establishes the official title of the bill.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS

• Declares legislative intent and constitutional basis.
• Defines threats posed by executive overreach.
• Establishes Congressional authority over executive agencies.

SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF EXECUTIVE AGENCIES FROM UNILATERAL EXECUTIVE ACTION

• Subsection A: Congressional Approval Required for Agency Modifications.
• Subsection B: Procedural Requirements for Executive Action on Agencies.
• Subsection C: Limitations on Executive Budget Transfers.
• Subsection D: Prevention of Agency Hollowing and Staff Dismantling.
• Subsection E: Emergency Safeguards Against Presidential Abuse.
• Subsection F: Protections Against Political Appointees and Private Interest Influence.
• Subsection G: Enforcement and Penalties.
• Subsection H: Effective Date.

SEC. 4. PENALTIES FOR UNAUTHORIZED EXECUTIVE ACTION

• Subsection A: General Accountability and Legal Liability.
• Subsection B: Mandatory Asset Seizure and Financial Penalties.
• Subsection C: Legal Injunctions and Automatic Stays.
• Subsection D: Criminal Liability for Private Individuals and Corporate Interference.
• Subsection E: Oversight and Enforcement Mechanisms.
• Subsection F: Congressional Immunity from Executive Retaliation.
• Subsection G: Retroactive Application and Effective Date.

SEC. 5. PROHIBITION ON EXECUTIVE RETRIBUTION AND IMPEACHMENT PROCEDURES

• Subsection A: Prohibition on Executive Retaliation.
• Subsection B: Automatic Impeachment Triggers and Procedures.
• Subsection C: Criminal Liability for Private Individuals and Corporate Interference.
• Subsection D: Override of Supreme Court Intervention and Judicial Limitations.
• Subsection E: Enforcement of Congressional and Judicial Immunity from Executive Attacks.
• Subsection F: Retroactive Application and Effective Date.

SEC. 6. CRIMINALIZATION OF AUTHORITARIAN USURPATION AND DEMOCRATIC PRESERVATION MEASURES

• Subsection A: Criminalization of Authoritarian Usurpation.
• Subsection B: Automatic Succession Override and New Election Mandate.
• Subsection C: Emergency Declarations Safeguard.
• Subsection D: Permanent Judicial Safeguards Against Autocracy.
• Subsection E: Foreign Interference and Financial Sanctions.
• Subsection F: Whistleblower Protections Against Dictatorial Retaliation.
• Subsection G: Retroactive Application and Effective Date.

SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS

• Provides precise legal definitions for terms used within the bill.

SEC. 8. GENERAL EFFECTIVE DATE

• Establishes the bill’s immediate enforceability upon passage.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the “Limiting Executive Overreach Act of 2025.”

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SEC. 2. LEGISLATIVE FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS.

SUBSECTION A: PURPOSE AND INTENT

1. Congress finds that the separation of powers, as established by the U.S. Constitution, is being systematically eroded by executive overreach, particularly in areas concerning federal agency management, judicial influence, and legislative obstruction.
2. Article I, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution vests all legislative powers in Congress, thereby establishing that no executive authority shall act unilaterally to dissolve, defund, restructure, or reassign the functions of any federal agency without explicit congressional authorization.
3. Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution mandates that the President must faithfully execute the laws enacted by Congress, not subvert them for political or personal gain.
4. Article III, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the authority to regulate the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, including in cases involving executive overreach.
5. Congress declares that any attempt by the executive branch to unilaterally modify, interfere with, or dismantle constitutionally established governance structures is unlawful and invalid.

SUBSECTION B: PRECEDENT FOR LIMITING EXECUTIVE OVERREACH

6. Congress references the ruling in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952), where the Supreme Court limited presidential powers by affirming that the executive cannot act contrary to congressional authority.
7. Historical instances, including the Watergate scandal and subsequent congressional actions, reaffirm that no president is above the law and that executive authority must remain subject to legislative oversight.
8. The War Powers Resolution of 1973 further reinforces the need for congressional authorization when executive actions affect national security and institutional stability.
9. The rise of private individuals with extreme conflicts of interest assuming influential advisory or governmental roles threatens national security, economic stability, and democratic governance.

SUBSECTION C: PRESERVATION OF INSTITUTIONAL INTEGRITY

10. Congress affirms that politically motivated retaliation against state, federal, or local officials, including but not limited to judicial and law enforcement officers, constitutes an abuse of power warranting immediate remedial action.
11. This Act affirms that no President may engage in business dealings, self-enrichment, or financial entanglements with foreign entities while in office, with all violations subject to criminal prosecution and asset seizure.
12. The integrity of government operations requires that all executive decisions regarding federal agency restructuring be subjected to a transparent congressional review process to prevent unilateral actions that may serve personal or political interests.
13. Congress retains the right to implement emergency measures should the executive branch attempt to bypass its constitutional authority, including direct oversight of key governmental functions if deemed necessary.

SUBSECTION D: LIMITATIONS ON EXECUTIVE INFLUENCE OVER THE JUDICIARY

14. Congress reasserts its authority under Article III, Section 2 to regulate the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts concerning matters involving executive overreach.
15. Any Supreme Court ruling that seeks to override congressional authority regarding agency dissolution, reallocation of funds, or presidential accountability shall be subject to congressional override via a two-thirds vote in both houses.
16. Congress retains the authority to establish mandatory recusal procedures for Supreme Court Justices in cases where presidential appointments or financial conflicts of interest could influence rulings.
17. Justices found to be ruling in favor of clear partisan or executive-driven agendas shall be subjected to congressional inquiry, with potential actions including censure, impeachment, or jurisdictional restriction.
18. Congress affirms that no Supreme Court decision shall be interpreted as granting absolute immunity to a sitting or former President for actions taken while in office that violate the Constitution or statutory law.
19. Congress shall implement an independent judicial oversight commission with subpoena power to investigate conflicts of interest and improper judicial conduct among Supreme Court Justices and federal judges.

SUBSECTION E: REMEDIAL MEASURES AND ENFORCEMENT

20. Congress shall establish a permanent oversight committee tasked with reviewing executive orders, presidential directives, and Supreme Court decisions for constitutional compliance.
21. Any executive or judicial act found to violate the constitutional separation of powers shall be automatically stayed pending congressional review.
22. Financial and legal penalties shall be imposed on any official, including the President, found guilty of abusing executive authority to intimidate, coerce, or otherwise undermine the functioning of the legislative or judicial branches.
23. Any attempt by a President, Vice President, or appointed official to subvert these provisions through executive orders, judicial appointments, or emergency declarations shall be considered an act of high treason and subject to immediate impeachment proceedings.
24. Congress shall establish independent legal mechanisms to ensure that no official, regardless of position, is beyond the reach of prosecution for acts that undermine the democratic framework of the United States.
25. Congress shall establish a dedicated Office of Constitutional Integrity responsible for monitoring and reporting on executive actions that may violate the Constitution or federal law, with the authority to recommend immediate legal action.

SUBSECTION F: EFFECTIVE DATE

26. This Section shall take effect immediately upon passage and shall not require presidential approval to become law.

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SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF EXECUTIVE AGENCIES FROM UNILATERAL EXECUTIVE ACTION.

SUBSECTION A: CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL REQUIRED FOR AGENCY MODIFICATIONS

1. Congress affirms that under Article I, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution, all legislative powers reside with the legislative branch, thereby requiring explicit congressional authorization for any structural, financial, or operational modification of a federal agency.
2. No executive agency may be dissolved, defunded, restructured, or have its regulatory authority diminished without a bill passed by both houses of Congress and signed into law.
3. The President is explicitly prohibited from utilizing executive orders, emergency declarations, or discretionary budgetary maneuvering to bypass congressional approval in altering the function or funding of any federal agency.
4. Congress shall establish a standing bipartisan oversight committee responsible for reviewing all proposed changes to executive agencies, with binding authority to reject or approve modifications by a supermajority vote.
5. Congress shall require full financial disclosure of all executive actions involving agency restructuring to prevent hidden conflicts of interest.

SUBSECTION B: PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION ON AGENCIES

6. The President must submit a formal request to Congress outlining:
• (A) The rationale for modification, dissolution, or reallocation of the agency’s functions.
• (B) Economic, social, and security impacts of such an action.
• (C) Alternative solutions to agency restructuring that preserve institutional integrity.
• (D) A plan for continuity of essential services.
• (E) A comprehensive risk assessment addressing national security, workforce stability, and regulatory implications.
7. Any executive action affecting an agency’s ability to carry out its legally mandated functions is null and void without explicit congressional approval.
8. Any unauthorized attempts to restructure an agency will trigger automatic legal injunctions until full congressional review is completed.
9. The General Accountability Office (GAO) shall conduct an independent assessment of all proposed changes, ensuring transparency and compliance with federal statutes.

SUBSECTION C: LIMITATIONS ON EXECUTIVE BUDGET TRANSFERS

10. No President may redirect congressionally appropriated funds for purposes not explicitly authorized by law.
11. Any proposed reallocation exceeding $50 million must undergo a full congressional hearing, a public report, and an affirmative vote by Congress before implementation.
12. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) shall be required to submit an itemized report of any executive-initiated budgetary adjustments for legislative scrutiny.
13. Funds appropriated for one agency may not be transferred to another agency without explicit legislative approval.
14. Any violation of these provisions shall result in personal financial liability for the officials responsible, including seizure of assets and legal prosecution.

SUBSECTION D: PREVENTION OF AGENCY HOLLOWING AND STAFF DISMANTLING

15. No executive official may impose hiring freezes, limit agency staffing levels, or transfer employees in a manner that de facto renders an agency inoperable, without congressional authorization.
16. Any directive that reduces an agency’s workforce by more than 3% within a fiscal year must receive explicit congressional approval.
17. Agency heads found complicit in unauthorized staffing reductions shall be subject to immediate suspension and federal charges for obstruction of governance.
18. Congressional committees overseeing affected agencies shall conduct annual workforce impact assessments to prevent manipulative erosion of institutional effectiveness.

SUBSECTION E: EMERGENCY SAFEGUARDS AGAINST PRESIDENTIAL ABUSE

19. A presidential emergency declaration affecting any federal agency shall be limited to 30 days, after which a Congressional supermajority vote is required for any extension.
20. No President shall declare a national emergency for the purposes of:
• (A) Delaying or canceling a federal election.
• (B) Extending presidential term limits beyond constitutional authority.
• (C) Suspending Congress or overriding its legislative authority.
• (D) Bypassing Supreme Court rulings that enforce constitutional limitations.
21. Any emergency declaration affecting agency operations shall be automatically subject to judicial review, with the Supreme Court required to issue a ruling within 14 days.
22. Any agency deemed critical to national security, economic stability, or public health shall be constitutionally protected from unilateral executive dissolution absent a congressional supermajority vote.

SUBSECTION F: PROTECTIONS AGAINST POLITICAL APPOINTEES AND PRIVATE INTEREST INFLUENCE

23. No individual with active financial holdings in industries regulated by federal agencies shall be appointed to lead, advise, or oversee those agencies.
24. Any individual serving in an executive capacity within the last five years for a corporation, foreign entity, or lobbying organization shall be barred from serving in an agency that directly affects their former employer's industry.
25. Any government official found colluding with private sector actors to influence agency policy for financial gain shall face criminal prosecution, immediate removal from office, and a permanent ban from public service.
26. Any private entity, donor, or lobbyist found funding, facilitating, or benefiting from executive overreach shall be barred from federal contracts, lobbying activities, and subjected to full restitution of any illicit profits.
27. Congress shall create a Federal Appointment Review Board (FARB) to independently vet all political appointees for conflicts of interest and ensure compliance with these restrictions.
28. Any official found circumventing these restrictions shall face immediate removal, asset forfeiture, and criminal prosecution under anti-corruption laws.

SUBSECTION G: ENFORCEMENT AND PENALTIES

29. Any executive official found guilty of violating these provisions shall be disqualified from holding any future federal office and subject to fines up to $500 million per violation.
30. Any external individuals, such as private-sector advisors or political donors, found complicit in manipulating executive actions to influence agency policy shall face criminal prosecution and full financial restitution to the federal government.
31. Congress retains the authority to override any Supreme Court ruling that invalidates or weakens these protections by a two-thirds vote in both chambers.
32. The provisions of this Section shall be self-executing and immediately enforceable upon passage, requiring no presidential signature to take effect.

SUBSECTION H: EFFECTIVE DATE

33. This Section shall take effect immediately upon passage and shall be applied retroactively where applicable to prevent ongoing abuse.

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SEC. 4. PENALTIES FOR UNAUTHORIZED EXECUTIVE ACTION.

SUBSECTION A: GENERAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND LEGAL LIABILITY

1. Any President or federal officer found in violation of this Act shall be subject to immediate impeachment proceedings under Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution.
2. Executive officials engaging in unauthorized agency dissolution, fund reallocation, or workforce reductions shall face civil and criminal penalties, including but not limited to:
• (A) A minimum of 15 years in federal prison, with a maximum life sentence for willful subversion of constitutional governance.
• (B) A fine of up to $1 billion per violation, adjusted for inflation and economic impact.
• (C) Permanent disqualification from holding any federal, state, or local office in the United States.
• (D) Immediate forfeiture of all government pensions, benefits, and security clearances.
3. Any individual who aids, abets, or conspires with the President or federal officials to engage in unauthorized executive action shall face identical penalties.
4. Any President or Vice President found guilty of violating this Act shall automatically forfeit all post-office benefits, including pensions, security details, and taxpayer-funded office support.
5. Any foreign entity, government, or corporation found collaborating with or financially supporting executive overreach shall be barred from all U.S. financial systems and subject to full economic sanctions.

SUBSECTION B: MANDATORY ASSET SEIZURE AND FINANCIAL PENALTIES

6. Any President or federal officer convicted under this Act shall be subject to mandatory asset seizure, ensuring restitution to the United States government for damages incurred due to unauthorized executive actions.
7. Financial penalties shall be enforced as follows:
• (A) A minimum of $1 billion in personal and business assets shall be seized within 7 days of conviction.
• (B) No ability to appeal the financial penalties shall be granted once affirmed by a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers of Congress.
• (C) Seized funds shall be allocated to federal programs directly impacted by the unauthorized actions.
• (D) Any private entities, donors, or organizations found to have facilitated or financially benefited from the unauthorized executive action shall be liable for full restitution and subject to criminal prosecution.
• (E) Any foreign individuals or corporations financing or enabling executive overreach shall face U.S. sanctions and a permanent ban from federal contracts.

SUBSECTION C: LEGAL INJUNCTIONS AND AUTOMATIC STAYS

8. Any attempt by the President or executive officials to enact unauthorized agency dissolutions, funding reallocations, or judicial subversions shall result in:
• (A) An immediate legal injunction, automatically halting all such actions pending full congressional review.
• (B) A congressional tribunal, appointed by both chambers, with the authority to expedite legal proceedings.
• (C) Mandatory judicial oversight, wherein no Supreme Court ruling may override congressional authority on agency preservation and funding unless affirmed by a two-thirds vote in both chambers.
• (D) Automatic suspension of presidential powers if a court determines executive actions threaten the constitutional order.
• (E) Prohibition on venue changes or judicial delays that could be used to stall enforcement of penalties.

SUBSECTION D: CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS AND CORPORATE INTERFERENCE

9. No private citizen, corporate entity, or foreign national shall be permitted to influence, fund, or direct executive actions aimed at circumventing congressional authority.
10. Any individual or entity found guilty of conspiring to manipulate federal agency governance, judicial decisions, or legislative authority shall face:

• (A) A minimum prison sentence of 20 years, with a maximum life sentence for treasonous activity.
• (B) A fine of no less than $5 billion, adjusted annually for economic impact.
• (C) Total asset forfeiture of all business holdings directly benefiting from unauthorized executive actions.
• (D) A permanent prohibition from engaging in federal contracts, lobbying, or government service.
• (E) Immediate freezing of foreign financial accounts of convicted individuals or organizations to prevent illicit asset transfers.
• (F) Public disclosure of all corporate or foreign donors involved in executive overreach.

SUBSECTION E: OVERSIGHT AND ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS

11. A Permanent Office of Executive Accountability (OEA) shall be established to investigate and prosecute violations under this Act.
12. The OEA shall have full authority to:
• (A) Subpoena all financial records, communications, and classified executive actions related to unauthorized agency alterations.
• (B) Recommend immediate legal action against sitting Presidents or federal officers who violate the Act.
• (C) Conduct emergency hearings on matters of national security if executive overreach is deemed an imminent threat.
• (D) Freeze assets of any official under investigation until a final legal determination is reached.
13. Congress retains the authority to override any Supreme Court ruling that seeks to invalidate or weaken these penalties by a two-thirds vote in both chambers.

SUBSECTION F: CONGRESSIONAL IMMUNITY FROM EXECUTIVE RETALIATION

14. No President or executive officer may direct federal agencies, law enforcement, or intelligence services to retaliate against members of Congress, judges, or officials engaged in enforcement of this Act.
15. Any attempt to target congressional or judicial officials in retaliation for enforcing this Act shall:
• (A) Trigger immediate impeachment proceedings.
• (B) Constitute grounds for criminal charges, including conspiracy against the United States and obstruction of justice.
• (C) Result in the revocation of all presidential executive privileges.
• (D) Enact an automatic 10-year ban on holding public office for all involved federal officials.

SUBSECTION G: RETROACTIVE APPLICATION AND EFFECTIVE DATE

16. This Act shall apply retroactively to any unauthorized executive actions taken within the last 20 years, ensuring accountability for past infractions.
17. Any former President, Vice President, or high-ranking federal official found guilty under this Act shall be subject to full criminal prosecution, financial penalties, and asset forfeiture.
18. This Section shall take effect immediately upon passage and shall not require presidential approval to become law.

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 SEC. 5. PROHIBITION ON EXECUTIVE RETRIBUTION AND IMPEACHMENT PROCEDURES.

SUBSECTION A: PROHIBITION ON EXECUTIVE RETRIBUTION

1. No President, Vice President, Cabinet member, or any federal officer may engage in acts of political retribution, intimidation, or coercion against any state, federal, or local official within the judicial, executive, or legislative branches.
2. Any attempt to defund, remove, investigate, or politically target officials for their legitimate enforcement of constitutional laws shall be deemed an abuse of power and an impeachable offense.
3. Specific actions that constitute retribution include but are not limited to:
• (A) Targeted investigations or prosecutions against lawmakers, judges, or executive officials for actions taken in accordance with their legal duties.
• (B) Threats to revoke federal funding or resources from states, municipalities, or agencies as punishment for non-compliance with unlawful executive orders.
• (C) The weaponization of law enforcement, intelligence, or regulatory agencies to silence opposition or manipulate democratic processes.
• (D) The issuance of presidential pardons for individuals convicted of engaging in unconstitutional acts that advance retaliatory objectives.
• (E) The firing, forced resignation, or reassignment of agency heads, inspectors general, or key officials investigating executive misconduct.
4. Any violation of this subsection shall result in automatic legal injunctions and suspension of presidential powers pending congressional investigation.

SUBSECTION B: AUTOMATIC IMPEACHMENT TRIGGERS AND PROCEDURES

5. Any President or Vice President found to have violated this Act shall be subject to automatic impeachment proceedings, with the following provisions:
• (A) Impeachment shall not require a two-thirds majority in the Senate; instead, conviction may be secured by a simple majority in both chambers for violations involving executive retribution or abuse of power.
• (B) No change of venue, legal delay tactics, or judicial intervention shall prevent an impeachment trial from proceeding within 30 days of initiation.
• (C) Any President under active impeachment shall be barred from issuing executive orders, making judicial appointments, or granting pardons until the trial's conclusion.
6. If convicted under this section, the individual shall:
• (A) Be immediately removed from office and barred from holding federal office in the future.
• (B) Forfeit all post-office benefits, including pensions, security details, and office support.
• (C) Be subject to criminal prosecution, including obstruction of justice and conspiracy against the United States.
7. No President or Vice President may issue a self-pardon or pardon any individual convicted under this Act.

SUBSECTION C: CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS AND CORPORATE INTERFERENCE

8. Any private citizen, corporate entity, or political operative found to have funded, facilitated, or conspired to engage in executive retribution shall face:
• (A) A minimum prison sentence of 20 years and a maximum of life imprisonment for conspiring to undermine democratic governance.
• (B) A fine of no less than $5 billion and total asset forfeiture of all business holdings connected to executive abuse of power.
• (C) A permanent prohibition from engaging in federal contracts, lobbying, or campaign financing.
• (D) Seizure of all campaign funds and donations directly linked to unconstitutional executive actions.

SUBSECTION D: OVERRIDE OF SUPREME COURT INTERVENTION AND JUDICIAL LIMITATIONS

9. Congress shall have the authority to override any Supreme Court ruling attempting to nullify, delay, or weaken impeachment proceedings or penalties under this Act by a two-thirds majority in both chambers.
10. No Supreme Court Justice shall be permitted to intervene in active impeachment trials or issue stays that affect the proceedings outlined in this Act.
11. Any Justice appointed by a President facing impeachment shall be automatically recused from any case related to executive retribution, abuse of power, or impeachment review.

SUBSECTION E: ENFORCEMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL AND JUDICIAL IMMUNITY FROM EXECUTIVE ATTACKS

12. No President or executive officer may direct federal agencies, law enforcement, or intelligence services to retaliate against members of Congress, judges, or officials engaged in enforcement of this Act.
13. Any attempt to target congressional or judicial officials in retaliation for enforcing this Act shall:
• (A) Trigger immediate impeachment proceedings.
• (B) Constitute grounds for criminal charges, including conspiracy against the United States and obstruction of justice.
• (C) Result in the revocation of all presidential executive privileges.
• (D) Enact an automatic 10-year ban on holding public office for all involved federal officials.

SUBSECTION F: RETROACTIVE APPLICATION AND EFFECTIVE DATE

14. This Act shall apply retroactively to any executive retribution actions taken within the last 20 years, ensuring accountability for past abuses.
15. Any individual harmed by past executive retaliation may seek financial restitution from the U.S. government, with a mandatory review of all documented cases.
16. Any President or Vice President found guilty under this Act shall be automatically stripped of all executive authorities, with enforcement agencies authorized to act independently of the executive branch.
17. This Section shall take effect immediately upon passage and shall not require presidential approval to become law.

 

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 SEC. 6. CRIMINALIZATION OF AUTHORITARIAN USURPATION AND DEMOCRATIC PRESERVATION MEASURES.

SUBSECTION A: CRIMINALIZATION OF AUTHORITARIAN USURPATION

1. Any federal official, including the President, Vice President, Cabinet members, Justices, or legislators, found guilty of engaging in or enabling authoritarian usurpation shall face:
• (A) Mandatory life imprisonment without parole.
• (B) Permanent disqualification from holding any federal, state, or local office.
• (C) Immediate asset seizure and full financial restitution to the U.S. government.
• (D) Automatic expulsion from office, effective immediately upon indictment.
2. Authoritarian usurpation shall be defined as:
• (A) Any attempt to override constitutional processes to retain power indefinitely.
• (B) The use of law enforcement, intelligence agencies, or military force to suppress opposition.
• (C) Colluding with private individuals, corporations, or foreign entities to undermine democratic institutions.
• (D) Illegally altering the judiciary, elections, or Congress to favor a single political authority.
3. Any official under investigation for authoritarian usurpation shall be immediately suspended from office pending the conclusion of legal proceedings.

SUBSECTION B: AUTOMATIC SUCCESSION OVERRIDE AND NEW ELECTION MANDATE

4. If three or more officials in the presidential line of succession are found complicit in aiding an authoritarian takeover, an immediate national election shall be mandated within 60 days.
5. Until the new election is conducted, an emergency bipartisan executive council, composed of equal representatives from both major political parties, shall assume the role of interim governance.
6. All executive orders, judicial rulings, and legislative actions issued by an authoritarian administration shall be null and void.

SUBSECTION C: EMERGENCY DECLARATIONS SAFEGUARD

7. A presidential emergency declaration affecting any federal agency shall be limited to 30 days, after which a Congressional supermajority vote is required for any extension.
8. No President shall declare a national emergency for the purposes of:
• (A) Delaying or canceling a federal election.
• (B) Extending presidential term limits beyond constitutional authority.
• (C) Suspending Congress or overriding its legislative authority.
• (D) Bypassing Supreme Court rulings that enforce constitutional limitations.
9. Any emergency declaration affecting agency operations shall be automatically subject to judicial review, with the Supreme Court required to issue a ruling within 14 days.
10. Presidents shall be prohibited from using emergency declarations to bypass congressional funding, oversight, or judicial review.
11. Any emergency lasting over 30 days shall be reviewed by a bipartisan congressional panel.
12. If deemed unconstitutional, the emergency declaration is automatically void, and any action taken under its authority shall be reversed.

SUBSECTION D: PERMANENT JUDICIAL SAFEGUARDS AGAINST AUTOCRACY

13. No Supreme Court ruling shall be used to expand executive power beyond constitutional limits.
14. Justices appointed by a President facing active impeachment or criminal charges shall be automatically recused from any ruling regarding executive power.
15. Any Supreme Court ruling attempting to expand executive immunity, eliminate term limits, or weaken impeachment procedures shall be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both chambers of Congress.

SUBSECTION E: FOREIGN INTERFERENCE AND FINANCIAL SANCTIONS

16. Any foreign nation or entity found to be financially supporting an authoritarian takeover in the United States shall face:

• (A) Immediate full-scale economic sanctions.
• (B) A permanent ban on financial transactions with U.S. banks and institutions.
• (C) Seizure of all U.S.-based assets belonging to complicit foreign individuals or corporations.

17. Any U.S. citizen found to be coordinating with foreign entities to aid an authoritarian agenda shall be tried for treason under Article III, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution.
18. All assets of foreign and domestic donors to authoritarian regimes shall be seized and reallocated to federal election integrity programs.
19. U.S. entities engaging in foreign-backed election interference shall face felony charges and a permanent ban from federal contracts.

SUBSECTION F: WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTIONS AGAINST DICTATORIAL RETALIATION

20. A Federal Whistleblower Protection Task Force shall be established to shield officials who expose executive misconduct.
21. Any whistleblower providing verified evidence of an authoritarian usurpation attempt shall be guaranteed anonymity, full legal protection, and financial restitution for damages incurred.
22. If any government official is found guilty of retaliating against a whistleblower under this section, they shall face:

• (A) A minimum prison sentence of 25 years.
• (B) Permanent disqualification from government service.
• (C) Forfeiture of all government pensions and benefits.

SUBSECTION G: RETROACTIVE APPLICATION AND EFFECTIVE DATE

23. This Act shall apply retroactively for the past 20 years to ensure accountability for any past attempts at authoritarian usurpation.
24. Any official previously engaged in unconstitutional executive overreach shall be investigated and, if found guilty, subject to the penalties outlined in this section.
25. This Section shall take effect immediately upon passage and shall not require presidential approval to become law.

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 SEC. 7. PRESIDENTIAL FINANCIAL ELIGIBILITY AND ETHICAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Financial Judgment and Debt Restrictions

1. No individual shall be eligible to run for the office of President or Vice President of the United States if they have outstanding civil or criminal judgments totaling $100,000 or more that remain unpaid for more than one year.
2. No individual shall assume the office of President if they have unresolved tax liens, bankruptcy obligations, or legal financial penalties owed to any U.S. government entity exceeding $500,000.
3. A candidate for President or Vice President must submit a full financial disclosure statement to the Federal Election Commission (FEC) detailing all outstanding liabilities, judgments, and foreign financial entanglements.
4. A President-elect found to have deliberately concealed financial obligations shall be disqualified prior to inauguration, and the Vice President-elect shall assume office unless they are similarly disqualified.

B. Criminal Convictions, Impeachment, and Legal Disqualifications 5. Any individual convicted of a felony offense involving fraud, embezzlement, obstruction of justice, treason, or financial crimes within the last 20 years shall be ineligible to run for, assume, or retain the office of President or Vice President. 6. Any individual found guilty of inciting an insurrection, attempting to subvert the Constitution, or engaging in efforts to dismantle democratic institutions shall be permanently disqualified from holding public office under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2 and Article III, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution. 7. An individual who has been impeached by the House of Representatives for high crimes and misdemeanors, but not convicted by the Senate, shall still be subject to disqualification from holding office if a congressional review determines by a two-thirds vote in both chambers that their actions were in violation of this Act. 8. The Department of Justice (DOJ) shall maintain a public registry of individuals barred from holding the presidency due to violations of this section.

C. Foreign Influence and Business Conflicts of Interest 9. No individual shall be eligible for the presidency if they have received any financial compensation, gifts, or business holdings valued at over $250,000 from a foreign government or foreign-affiliated entity within 10 years preceding candidacy. 10. The President and Vice President must fully divest from all business holdings and establish a blind trust for their financial assets within 30 days of assuming office. 11. Any financial conflict of interest discovered after assuming office shall trigger immediate congressional review, and if deemed an ethical violation, the President or Vice President shall be subject to impeachment and asset seizure.

D. Enforcement and Oversight 12. The Federal Election Commission (FEC) shall be responsible for vetting all presidential candidates for compliance with this section and shall certify eligibility before a candidate appears on any ballot. 13. Any individual found to have falsified financial disclosures shall be barred from running for federal office for 10 years and subject to prosecution for perjury. 14. The Congressional Office of Ethics and Presidential Accountability (COEPA) shall be established to oversee compliance with all financial eligibility requirements and investigate violations. 15. Congress retains the authority to override any judicial ruling attempting to nullify this section by a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers.

E. Effective Date 16. This section shall take effect immediately upon passage and shall apply to all presidential and vice-presidential candidates in the 2028 election cycle and beyond.